On 14 September — one day before the rule was set to take effect — a federal judge blocked the rule from taking effect and prohibited DHS and US Immigration and Customs Enforcement from implementing it while the case continues.

“As a result, the longstanding Duration of Status framework remains in place nationwide,” NAFSA, one of the plaintiffs in the lawsuit, said in a statement.

“Today’s decision recognizes the serious and irreparable harm this rule would cause to international students and scholars, higher education institutions, and communities across the country, as well as to the U.S. economy, research and innovation,” Miriam Feldblum, President and CEO of the Presidents’ Alliance on Higher Education and Education, also a plaintiff, said.

The administration maintains that “forever students” were exploiting the policy’s “loophole” by simply enrolling in more courses to avoid leaving the country. Under the new rules, nonimmigrant students and exchange visitors – F visa holders and J visa holders, respectively – will be admitted for the length of their specific programme, up to a maximum period of four years. For extensions, students must now apply to US Citizenship and Immigration Services, or USCIS, whereas before, extensions were largely handled by universities.

“This final rule ensures that foreign students remain focused on their primary purpose: completing their studies and returning home,” Markwayne Mullin, secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, or DHS, said in a statement.

For colleges and universities, the consequences could extend beyond the anticipated financial impact of restrictions on international enrolment. International students typically pay higher tuition rates than domestic students, making them an important source of revenue for many institutions. But the uncertainty surrounding the new rules could also affect students’ academic progress — and the universities supporting them.

Krishna Bista, a Professor of Higher Education at Morgan State University, says the uncertainty that international students face under the new restrictions could hurt their academic performance if programme leaders aren’t proactive about helping to keep them on track.

“I think one of the most important issues surrounding the end of duration of status is not simply immigration compliance, but how universities preserve educational and research continuity while students adjust to a more time-bound immigration system,” Professor Bista, who is also the Founding Editor of the Journal of International Students, told QS Insights.

“International students are remarkably resilient and accustomed to navigating complex systems, but uncertainty carries a cost,” he added. “A student who is constantly wondering whether a delayed dissertation, a research setback, or an administrative processing delay might affect immigration status cannot devote the same intellectual energy to learning and research.”

With those considerations in mind, here are five action steps that Professor Bista recommends:

1. Shift from advising to planning

Universities will need to shift from immigration advising to proactive academic and immigration planning, Professor Bista said.

Under the previous policy, legitimate academic circumstances — dissertation research taking longer than anticipated, experiments being delayed, a change in research design, fieldwork complications or other academic developments — could extend a student’s programme without the same immigration issues.

“With fixed periods of admission, timelines become much more consequential,” Professor Bista said. “International offices, academic advisers, graduate schools and dissertation supervisors will need to communicate much earlier rather than treating immigration compliance as something handled only by the international student office.”

The change, then, is not simply about giving students better advice. It’s about bringing immigration considerations into academic planning earlier.

2. Don’t give up on extensions

Students should not interpret the four-year period as a four-year limit on education, Professor Bista said.

“It is better understood as a maximum period for a particular admission under the new framework,” he added. “Students who legitimately require additional time may have mechanisms to seek an extension of stay.”

The challenge is that an additional administrative process has now been inserted into an academic journey that is not always predictable.

Universities therefore need to make sure students understand their options well before they approach the end of their study period.

3. Build an early-warning system

Universities should begin reviewing students’ immigration and academic timelines at least six months before they become critical, Professor Bista advised.

The review could include the student's I-94, I-20 or DS-2019, expected graduation date, research progress, employment or practical-training plans, and whether an extension or other action may be necessary.

“Waiting until the final weeks could create unnecessary risk,” he said.

4. Bring faculty into the process

Faculty members also need to understand that they are part of this process.

“A professor may think that giving a doctoral student another semester to finish a dissertation is purely an academic decision,” Professor Bista said. “For an international student, it can now have immigration implications as well.”

This makes closer coordination between faculty, graduate programme directors and international student advisers increasingly important.

5. Develop continuity plans for research

Doctoral research, laboratory experiments, longitudinal studies, clinical research and fieldwork do not always conform neatly to immigration calendars.

“Universities should identify students engaged in long-term research early and help them plan for possible delays, extensions, travel, funding and employment authorisation,” he said.

“The challenge for universities is to make sure that an immigration deadline does not unexpectedly become an academic deadline,” he added.

He also cautioned against creating unnecessary fear.

“The appropriate response is preparation: communicate clearly, advise early, document academic progress carefully and develop individualised plans for students whose programs or research may extend beyond their current authorised period,” Professor Bista said.

That is ultimately what Bobba is asking for too: not certainty of every possible outcome, but a clear roadmap for navigating what comes next.